One-hot-encoding:

(aka dummy encoding) A technique for representing categorical features by expanding each category into a separate column. Each category is denoted by 1 if present and 0 if absent, allowing for easy numerical representation and analysis. E.g. for a feature “Sex” with categories “Male”, “Female”, a person who’s male may be represented as [1, 0] whilst a female may be represented as [0, 1].